2017学年上海浦东新区川沙中学高二第一学期英语期末考试试题剖析
Part 1 Listening （第一部分 听力）
Part 2 Phonetics, vocabulary and grammar
II. Grammar and vocabulary
section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Heather loved the freedom of soaring high ______ the land and sea. She learned how to hang-glide from her boyfriend.
Initially, she ______ to death. The first time he took her up, she hung on for dear life. But by the end of that flight, she was hooked. Half a year later, she bought her own hang-glider.
Almost every weekend, she drove to Torrey Pines and leaped off the cliff. She ______ soar to La Jolla in less than five minutes. She liked to fly over the town. She would wave at kids ______ and looking up at her, and they would shout and wave back excitedly.
One day she was returning to the launch site ______ she noticed a red hawk rapidly approaching her. It briefly disappeared. Then she heard its claws ripping the wing’s fabric. It flew off. But the next thing she knew, it ______ straight at her. She turned out of ______ way, but ______ scared her was that it dove at her again.
She had to evade its attacks four times before she was able to land safely. Even after she landed, it circled overhead, as if daring her to fly again. What did I do to you, she wondered.
As she drove home, she found out ______ lucky she had been. The radio news reported ______ in Australia, a hang-glider had been attacked by not one, but two, eagles.
Maybe it was something in the air, Heather thought.
【答案】1.above 2.was scared 3.could 4.pointing 5.when 6.was flying 7.its 8.what 9.how 10.that
【剖析】
考查介词，高于陆地和海洋。
考查谓语，被吓死，被动。
考查情态动词，表示过去的能力。
考查非谓语，主动指向。
考查时间状语从句。
考查谓语，它正向她径直飞来。
考查代词，Turn out of使…离开，将…赶走。
考查主语从句，从句却主语。
考查宾语从句，形容词提前。
考查宾语从句，从句不缺成分不缺意思。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.majority B.survived C.laundry D.successfully E.convenience F.personal G.expanding H.objection I.quickly J.terminals K.dedicated |
Small communities, with their distinctive character where life is stable and intensely human are disappearing. Some have vanished from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have undergone changes as they have come into contact with an__________ machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the__________ alike.
The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have_____________________ in
the modern world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization process more __________ than others. In planting and harvest times one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the __________ in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families with the men wearing broad brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses. In railway or bus____________ .Although the Amish have lived with industrialized America for over two and a half centuries. They have moderated its influence on their __________ lives, their families, communities, and their values.
The Ami share often perceived by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life __________to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem__________and the American dream of success and progress, But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious ____________________was tolerated in wartime. For after all，They are good farmers who practice the virtues of work and thrift.
【答案】1-5 GABDC 6-10 JFKEH
【剖析】
依据句法，这里需要一个形容词，expanding扩张的，这里翻译为扩张的机械文明。
考查名词，majority和前面的minorities相对应。
考查动词，这里指Old Order Amish在现代社会幸存下来。
考查副词，比别的人更成功
考查名词，这里指女性在路上晾衣服。
考查名词，这里指火车和汽车的终点站。
考查形容词，这里指个人的生活。
考查形容词，这里指捐躯于不便利的过时的风俗。
考查名词，和前面的inconvenient形成对比，所以这里用从conveniences
考查名词，这里指反对。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A （15%）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
High-end taxi services are widely used in big cities across China. Their being well received has been fueled by the success of taxi-hailing apps like Didi and Kuaidi. But at present, there are no laws to __________ the safety and legal rights of ____________ who use these services, since high-end taxis ____________ operate without a government license.
This has also cast ____________ on whether the services offered by international taxi apps like Uber and other local rivals are "legal" according to current laws in China. A motion raised by Deputy Zhang Yubiao at this year's National People's Congress aims to address this ___________ loop-hole." High-end taxis are one category of taxis, and the only difference is the lack of government __________. We should have an open attitude towards the new service and ____________ its innovation. Since it has the market demand, we should consider ___________ it."
Unlike traditional taxis, high-end taxis can only be ____________ using smart-phone apps. They ___________ a high-end richer market that pays higher rates for more customized services.NPC Deputy and transportation expert Cheng Dehong says high-end taxis should not be ____________ as illegal black cabs run by individuals. "In the past, we only saw the negative side of the high-end taxi service, since we always highlighted the safety concerns, tax evasion issues and other ____________ activities. But given the huge demand for high-end taxies, we should look at its ____________ side. We can ____________ many of the problems with new regulations and ____________ commuters a safer, more convenient taxi service."
37. A.keep B.offer C. give D. guarantee
38. A.operators B.passengers C. drivers D. managers
39. A.extraordinarily B.currently C. swiftly D. regularly
40. A.doubts B.challengers C. conflicts D. thoughts
41. A.legal B.clear C. similar D. basic
42. A.assistance B.investigation C. supervision D. cooperation
43. A.reform B.prevent C. enhance D. encourage
44. A.promoting B.employing C. applying D. legalizing
45. A.rode B.booked C. subscripted D. served
46. A.change B.satisfy C. demand D. threaten
47. A.classified B.known C. exchanged D. interpreted
48. A.efficient B.high-end C. illegal D. financial
49. A.negative B.influential C. careful D. positive
50. A.arise B.raise C. resolve D. display
51. A.approve B.improve C. increase D. offer
【答案】1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CDDBB 11-15 ACDCD
【剖析】
1.词义考察，这里指没法律保证乘客的安全和合法权利。
2.词义考察，这里指没法律保证乘客的安全和合法权利。
3.上下文语境，这里指现在是没政府授权的。
4.上下文语境，这里指对它是不是合法有怀疑。
5.上下文语境，这里指解决法律漏洞。
6.词义辨析，这里指缺少政府监管。
7.上下文语境，这里指抱着开放的态度鼓励革新。
8.上下文语境，这里指考虑把它合法化。
9.词义考察，这里指用手机软件下订单。
10.词义辨析，这里指满足高档人群的需要。
11.上下文语境，这里指不可以把它归类到黑车。
12.上下文语境，这里指除去上文的其他违法活动。
13.上下文语境，这里指看它积极的一方面。
14.词义考察，这里指用新规定解决很多问题。
15.词义考察，这里指给用户提供一个更安全更便捷的服务。
Section B（24%）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
A
Iceland, an island just south of the Arctic Circle, has fairly mild winters, thanks to warm ocean currents. Time your vacation here during the winter months to take advantage of off-season deals.
Off-season means good deals on flights, hotels and tours. You may also find that the locals are a bit friendlier and more welcoming when tourists aren’t arriving in crowds.
In the winter months, there are less than seven hours of daylight; thus, chances are good you’ll catch sight of the northern lights. Sunsets are also beautiful at this time, making for some great photo opportunities.
In Iceland, winter is the perfect time to hike glaciers, go ice climbing, explore caves made out of hardened lava and much more. One of the most popular activities is off-roading in a specially-equipped “super jeep”.
Before booking your trip, be sure to check for volcano alerts. There are about 130 volcanoes on or around Iceland. Thirty-five of them are active. In 2010, a volcano named Eyjaallajokull exploded, sending clouds of ash up to four kilometers into the atmosphere. The ash drifted toward the UK and Europe. Because the ash could damage aircraft engines, airlines operating in the region were forced to cancel flights for six days. As a result, thousands of people were stuck in airports.
Recently, another volcano named Bardarbunga has become active, erupting ash into the air. Such events, if large enough, could prevent your trip from going ahead. So check the latest volcano news prior to making your reservations.
1.According to this article, why are you more likely to see the northern lights in the winter?
A. They move from rural areas to cities. B. The weather is more stable at that time.
C. They’re a special feature of many festivals. D. The sky is dark for longer periods then.
2.According to the article, how do visitors to Iceland have fun in the winter?
A. They learn how to ski down the mountains.
B. They photograph famous historic sites..
C. They explore the countryside in well made vehicles..
D. They spend a week at one of the seaside resorts.
3. What is true about the volcanoes of Iceland?
A. The majority of them are quiet. B. Their age hasn’t been determined.
C. All but one of them are extinct. D. Citizens aren’t affected by them.
4.What is true about the volcanoes of Iceland?
A. The majority of them are quiet. B. Their age hasn’t been determined.
C. All but one of them are extinct. D. Citizens aren’t affected by them.
【答案】1-4 DCA
【剖析】
依据文章第三段的第一句话In the winter months, there are less than seven hours of daylight; thus, chances are good you’ll catch sight of the northern lights冬季北方白天短，夜晚长，这就是大家为何在冬季更容易看到北放的光线是什么原因。在冬季，冰岛天天的日照时间不到7小时，因此游客可能看到北极光。那样可以判断看到北极光是什么原因昼短夜长。故选D
依据题干关键字是have fun in the winter，定位在第四段：…hike glaciers, go ice climbing, explore caves made out of hardened lava and much more. One of the most popular activities is off-roading in a specially-equipped “super jeep”.可看出游客玩得愉快是由于可以坐在特制的车上探索漂亮的乡村，所以答案选C。
依据文章第五段的There are about 130 volcanoes on or around Iceland. Thirty-five of them are active可知130座火山，只有35个是活火山，大多数都是安静的。故选A。
A冰岛的郊区文化吸引力；B一种去冰岛减少成本的办法；C.6、7月份访问冰岛是什么原因；D到冰岛短期旅游的平均价格。依据文章的前两段，尤其是第二段重点句Off-season means good deals on flights, hotels and tours可知该文主要介绍的去冰岛旅游的减少成本的办法。全文讨论了冰岛淡季旅游，包含机票愈加实惠，可以看极光，可以各种游乐，那样可以总结为“冰岛底价旅游”，所以答案选B。
In the past，falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy，but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down（不容乐观），even as oil prices sink lower and lower．Docs that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened？
Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy．Consumers have more money in their pockets when they're paying less at the pump．They spend that money on other things，which stimulates the economy．
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China，Japan，and India，But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries'consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries，cancelling out the gains？Not necessarily，says economic researcher Sara Johnson． "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high，so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending，and subsidies（补贴） for their consumers．"
But not al!oil producers have big reserves．In Venezuela，collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall．
Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming（压跨）the positive effects of cheaper oil．The implication（牵连）is a sharp decline in global trade，which has plunged（狂跌）partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to．
Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past．One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now，so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy．
Consumers，in America at least，are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump，as the memory of the recent great recession（经济衰退）is still fresh in their mind．And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes，so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest．
1．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage？
A．The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices．
B．Possible ways to stimulate the global economy．
C．The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending．
D．The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth．
2．Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy？
A．Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cosplayt．
B．Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities．
C．Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy．
D．Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change．
3．What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down？
A．They use their money reserves to back up consumption．
B．They suspend import of necessities from overseas．
C．They reduce production drastically to boost oi1 prices．
D．They try to sTOP their economy from going into free-fall．
4．How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge？
A．It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history．
B．It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy．
C．Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects．
D．Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws．
5．Why haven't falling oil prices stimulated the global economy as they did before？
A．People are not spending all the money they save on gas．
B．The global economy is likely to undergo another recession．
C．Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy．
D．People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices．
【答案】1-5 DBACC
【剖析】
1．D 主旨大意题．依据第一段内容falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy，but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down可知，油价的降低对世界经济有一个影响，下文分别讲述了影响的大小，故答案为D．
2．B 细节题．依据第二段They spend that money on other things，which stimulates the economy．
这句话可知，油价降低了，买家把钱花在其他地方，刺激了经济的进步，故答案为B．
3．A 细节题．第三段when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending，and subsidies（补贴） for their consumers告诉大家当油价降低时，出口国会给买家发放补贴，故答案为A．
4．C 判断推理题．依据文章Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming（压跨）the positive effects of cheaper oil这个经济学家觉得，消极影响大于积极的，故答案为C．
5．C 细节题．Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past这句话提到全球经济从油价降低获得有哪些好处远比以前要少的多，故答案为C．
Genetic testing offers people insight into the types of diseases they are most likely to develop — but a new study suggests most people do not alter their lifestyles based on this information. These tests — known as genome sequencing — analyze a person's DNA, telling patients about their known risk for diseases like cancer or diabetes. But being told you’re at a higher risk for lung cancer doesn’t seem to motivate anyone to quit smoking or alcohol, this study suggests. Because of this, the scholars argue that genetic testing should be banned as a tool for improving people's health.
Today’s finding came from pulling data from 18 other studies that followed people after they received the results of genetic tests. Receiving information about genetic risks didn’t inspire people to eat differently, exercise more, or sTOP smoking, "Expectations have been high that giving people information about their genetic risk will empower them to change their behavior, but we have found no evidence that this is the case," study author Theresa Marteau, director of behavior and health research said in a press release.
Genetic testing, which the National Institutes of Health says cosplayts anywhere from $100 to $2,000, has become much more accessible as commercial testing companies such as 23andMe and Sure Genomics have sprung up. These companies are not allowed to share disease risk estimates with consumers thanks to the Food and Drug Administration. However, today’s study didn’t specify whether the genetic testing were purely from academic sequencing, or if any of these companies had had a role in supplying the data.
Genetic testing doesn’t get people to change their behavior for the better, but it doesn't have any known negative effects either. Knowing the results of these tests didn't change people's depression or anxiety levels. And there's no indication that testing inspires people to pick up risky or dangerous health habits either, the study found.
Actually a genetic __________a certain disease is common among people. Some people are born weak in heart. Some are innately vulnerable in digestive system. But these most common risk factors usually don't raise a person's chances of getting the disease by a significant amount. It's possible that some of the patients in the study had substantially high disease risks based on their DNA profile, but those patients tend to be rather rare. "It’s still likely that communicating this type of information is very valuable to some people, but it’s just that there aren’t that many of those people," Zikmund-Fisher from the University of Michigan said. "The idea that providing genetic risk information is going to be transformative to everyone seems unlikely."
1. Why did some experts suggest sTOPping genetic testing?
A. Genome sequencing aren’t accurate in detecting certain disease risks.
B. Genetic testing results fail to encourage people to remove bad habits.
C. Genetic testing does neither good nor harm to people’s behaviorial improvement.
D. Genetic testing results are offered by commercial testing companies.
2. The underlined word __________in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
A. testing on B. prediction about
C. sensitivity to D. insight into
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Theresa Marteau believes genetic testing helps to change people’s behaviors.
B. Sure Genomics is forbidden to deliver illness risk expectations to patients.
C. Genetic testing results are totally coming from academic sequencing.
D. Genetic testing results in a way worsen the patients’ moods and emotions.
4. It’s said that people’s unconcerned response to genetic testing doesn’t cause much harm because ______.
A. getting rid of bad life habits doesn’t do much good to people’s health
B. almost all people have certain disease risks based on genetic testing
C. providing genetic risk information interferes with the medical treatment
D. genetic testing shows few people are at a high risk of getting certain diseases
【答案】1-4BCBD
【剖析】
1.缘由题，依据句子But being told you’re at a higher risk for lung cancer doesn’t seem to motivate anyone to quit smoking or alcohol, this study suggests所以答案选B．
2．细节理解体题，在Some people are born weak in heart. Some are innately vulnerable in digestive system. 所以答案选C．
3．判断题，依据These companies are not allowed to share disease risk estimates with consumers thanks to the Food and Drug Administration. 故答案选B。
4.缘由题，依据It's possible that some of the patients in the study had substantially high disease risks based on their DNA profile, but those patients tend to be rather rare.故答案选D。
V. Translation（15%）（2+3+3+3+4）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
干预别国的内务被公觉得是完全不合法的。
【答案】It is recognized as totally illegal to interfere in the private affairs of other country.
【剖析】be recognized as 被觉得是
女王在圣诞节贺词中高度赞扬了英国运动员在本届奥运会上的出色表现。
【答案】The queen speaks highly of the outstanding performance of the athletes in the Olympics in her Christmas greeting.
【剖析】speak highly of
为了迎合年轻买家，很多企业会在西洋节日到来之际进行优惠活动。（cater）
【答案】To cater to the young consumers, many shops will discount when the western festivals are coming.
【剖析】cater to
伴随购票软件的改进，大家不能不彻夜排队买票的日子一去不复返了。（when）
【答案】With the improvement of the purchasing tickets App, time is gone when people have to wait for a whole night to buy ticket.
【剖析】定语从句
最新研究表明，不是重工业的进步而是那些缺少环保意识的人将会成为地球的最大威胁。（threat）
【答案】The latest research shows that it is not the development of the heavy industry but those who lack the awareness of protecting environment that will become the biggest threat to the earth.
【剖析】threat to
